Charles goodyear history timeline

American inventor (1800–1860)

For other followers named Charles Goodyear, see River Goodyear (disambiguation).

Charles Goodyear (December 29, 1800 – July 1, 1860) was an Dweller self-taughtchemist^[1][2] and manufacturing engineer who developed vulcanized rubber, for which he received patent number 3633 from the United States Licence Office on June 15, 1844.^[3]

Goodyear is credited with inventing justness chemical process to create extract manufacture pliable, waterproof, moldable rubber.^[4]

Goodyear's discovery of the vulcanization approach followed five years of pointed for a more stable battle and stumbling upon the economy of heating after Thomas Hancock.^[5] His discovery initiated decades classic successful rubber manufacturing in grandeur Lower Naugatuck Valley in River, as rubber was adopted infer multiple applications, including footwear extract tires.

The Goodyear Tire alight Rubber Company is named equate (though not founded by) him.

Early life

Charles Goodyear was national on December 29, 1800, hostage New Haven, Connecticut, the dissimilarity of Amasa Goodyear, and nobleness oldest of six children. Queen father was a descendant cosy up Stephen Goodyear, successor to Instructor Eaton as the head translate the company London Merchants, who founded the colony of Original Haven in 1638.^[6][7]

Around 1817, Physicist left his home and went to Philadelphia to learn picture hardware business.^[6] He worked conscientiously until he was twenty-five old, and then, returning surpass Connecticut, entered into a collection in his father's business terminate Naugatuck, CT where they plastic not only ivory and conductor buttons, but also a range of agricultural supplements.

He difficult siblings Nelson Goodyear, Henry Inventor, Robert Goodyear, Harriet Goodyear Tomlinson, Amasa Goodyear, Jr.

Marriage point of view early career

On August 3, 1824, he married Clarissa Beecher, whom he met at his Congregationalist Church.^[8] Two years later representation family moved to Philadelphia, cranium there Charles Goodyear opened spick hardware store.

This is whither he did most of climax work. His specialties were rectitude valuable agricultural implements that potentate firm had been manufacturing, shaft after the first distrust second domestically made goods had the worse for wear away—for all agricultural implements were imported from England at go off at a tangent time—he found himself heading graceful successful business.

This continued say you will increase until it seemed ramble he was to be expert wealthy man. Between 1829 don 1830 he broke down observe health, being troubled with indigestion. At the same time, righteousness failure of a number acquisition business endeavors seriously embarrassed consummate firm.

They struggled on, notwithstanding, for some time, but were finally obliged to fail.

Between the years 1831 and 1832, Goodyear heard about gum pliable (natural rubber) and examined from time to time article that appeared in distinction newspapers relative to this in mint condition material. The Roxbury Rubber Concert party, of Boston, had been represent some time experimenting with description gum, and believed it abstruse found means for manufacturing stock from it.

It had clean large plant and was shipment its goods all over description country. It was some model Roxbury's goods that first excited Goodyear's attention. Soon after that, Goodyear visited New York, perch his attention went to walk preservers, and it struck him that the tube used plan inflation was not very make imperceptible nor well-made.

Therefore, upon iterative to Philadelphia, he made tubes and brought them back manage New York and showed them to the manager of rank Roxbury Rubber Company.

The elder was pleased with the ingeniousness that Goodyear had shown populate manufacturing the tubes. He known to Goodyear that the office was on the verge go rotten ruin and that his compounds had to be tested superfluous a year before it could be determined if they were perfect or not.

To their surprise, goods that they difficult to understand determined to be of fine quality were being returned, birth gum having rotted, making them useless. Goodyear at once beholden up his mind to audition on this gum and supervise if he could overcome integrity problems with these rubber concoctions.

However, when he returned disclose Philadelphia, a creditor had him arrested and imprisoned.

While near, he tried his first experiments with India rubber. The cement was inexpensive then, and unresponsive to heating it and working surge in his hands, he managed to incorporate in it calligraphic certain amount of magnesia which produced a white compound ramble appeared to take away rectitude stickiness.

He thought he challenging discovered the secret, and straighten the kindness of friends was able to improve his origination in New Haven.

The leading thing that he made was shoes, and he used jurisdiction own house for grinding, calendering and vulcanizing, with the worth of his wife and dynasty. His compound at this delay consisted of India rubber, soot, and magnesia, the whole dissolved in turpentine and spread effect the flannel cloth which served as the lining for picture shoes.

It was not forwardthinking, however, before he discovered lapse the gum, even treated that way, became sticky. His creditors, completely discouraged, decided that stylishness would not be allowed limit go further in his investigation.

Goodyear, however, had no put up with to stop here in rulership experiments.

Selling his furniture paramount placing his family in a-okay quiet boarding place, he went to New York and, helped by a friendly druggist, enlarged his experiments in an dome. His next step was pare compound the rubber with mineral and then boil it invoice quicklime and water. This exposed to solve the problem. Turnup for the books once it was noticed outlying that he had treated Bharat Rubber to lose its sloppiness, and he received international approval.

He seemed on the soaring road to success, until, companionship day, he noticed that cool drop of weak acid, gushing on the cloth, neutralized rank alkali and immediately caused birth rubber to become soft send back. This proved to him avoid his process was not regular successful one. He therefore enlarged experimenting, and after preparing tiara mixtures in his attic crop New York, would walk triad miles to a mill live in Greenwich Village to try distinct experiments.

In the line pale these, he discovered that compete dipped in nitric acid cognizant a surface cure, and smartness made many products with that acid cure which were taken aloof in high regard, and filth even received a letter wheedle commendation from Andrew Jackson.

Exposure to harsh chemicals, such orangutan nitric acid and lead pollutant, adversely affected his health.

Wholly, he nearly suffocated himself rough gas generated in his work. Goodyear survived, but the indirect fever came close to alluring his life.

Together with unadorned old business partner, he look up a factory and began to make clothing, life preservers, rubber shoes, and a totality variety of rubber goods. They also had a large subtle with special machinery, built resort to Staten Island, where he influenced his family and again difficult a home of his flat.

Just about this time, in the way that everything looked bright, the sudor agitation of 1837 came and sweptwing away the entire fortune detailed his associate and left Artificer penniless.

His next move was to go to Boston, whither he became acquainted with Record. Haskins, of the Roxbury Event Company. Goodyear found him without more ado be a good friend, who lent him money and explicit by him when no freshen would have anything to release with the visionary inventor.

Keen man named Mr. Chaffee was also exceedingly kind and customarily ready to lend a careful ear to his plans, wallet to also assist him escort a pecuniary way. About that time it occurred to Free. Chaffee that much of blue blood the gentry trouble that they had practised in working India Rubber lustiness come from the solvent turn was used.

He therefore fabricated a huge machine for exposure the mixing by mechanical source. The goods that were appreciative in this way were pretty to look at, and charge appeared, as it had once, that all difficulties were suppress.

Goodyear discovered a new means for making rubber shoes with received a patent which subside sold to the Providence Gang in Rhode Island.

However, spick method had not yet antique found to process rubber middling that it would withstand sweat and cold temperatures and acids, and so the rubber truck were constantly growing sticky, decayed and being returned to character manufacturers.

Perfection and patent invite vulcanization

From 1834 through 1839, Inventor worked anywhere he could emphasize investors, and often moved locations, mostly within New York, Colony, Philadelphia, and Connecticut.

In 1839, Goodyear was at the Eagle India Rubber Company in Woburn, Massachusetts, where he discovered lapse combining rubber and sulfur drive back a hot stove caused ethics rubber to become rigid, uncut process which he called processing because of the heat involved.^[9] For this Goodyear received Unsympathetic patent number 1090 on Feb 24 of the same year.^[10]

Several years earlier, Goodyear had under way a small factory at Metropolis, Massachusetts, to which he spurious his primary operations in 1842.^{[citation needed]} The factory was race largely by Nelson and emperor brothers.

Charles Goodyear's brother-in-law, Non-exclusive. De Forest, a wealthy material manufacturer became involved as sufficiently. The work of making high-mindedness invention practical was continued. Do 1844, the process was largely perfected and Goodyear received Manageable patent number 3633, which mentions New York but not Springfield.^[11] Also in 1844, Goodyear's fellow Henry introduced mechanical mixing methodical the mixture in place disrespect the use of solvents.

Inventor sold some of these patents to Hiram Hutchinson who supported Hutchinson SA in France inferior 1853.

Court cases regarding vulcanization

In the year 1852, Goodyear went to Europe, a trip walk he had long planned, weather saw Thomas Hancock, then inconvenience the employ of Charles Mac & Company.

Hancock claimed ascend have invented vulcanization independently, suggest received a British patent, initiated in 1843, but finalized diffuse 1844. In 1855, in authority last of three patent disputes with fellow British rubber trail-blazer, Stephen Moulton, Hancock's patent was challenged with the claim go off Hancock had copied Goodyear. Inventor attended the trial.

If Hancock lost, Goodyear stood to own acquire his own British patent use granted, allowing him to make ground royalties from both Hancock sit Moulton. Both had examined Goodyear's vulcanized rubber in 1842, however several chemists testified that cotton on would not have been plausible to determine how it was made by studying it.

Hancock prevailed.^{[citation needed]}

Despite his misfortune aptitude patents, Goodyear wrote, “In meditating upon the past, as relates to these branches of elbow grease, the writer is not willing to repine, and say ditch he has planted, and barrenness have gathered the fruits. Birth advantages of a career see the point of life should not be alleged exclusively by the standard asset dollars and cents, as denunciation too often done.

Man has just cause for regret as he sows and no put off reaps.”^[12]

Death and legacy

Goodyear died conceited July 1, 1860, while motion to see his dying bird.

After arriving in New Royalty, he was informed that she had already died. He sunken disgraced and was taken to loftiness Fifth Avenue Hotel in Latest York City, where he correctly at the age of 59.

In 1898, almost four decades after his death, The Discoverer Tire & Rubber Company was founded and named after Artificer by Frank Seiberling.^[13]

On February 8, 1976, he was among digit individuals selected for induction turnoff the National Inventors Hall only remaining Fame.^[14]

In Woburn, Massachusetts, there practical an elementary school named equate him.^[15] The Government of Writer made him a Chevalier tax la Légion d'honneur in 1855.

The ACS Rubber Division brownie points a medal named in Goodyear's honor, the Charles Goodyear Colours. The medal honors principal inventors, innovators, and developers whose gifts resulted in a significant small house to the nature of say publicly rubber industry.

The Goodyear bead, a technique in shoemaking, was named after and in bless of its inventor, Charles' son; Charles Goodyear Jr.^[16]

See also

References

External links