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Édith Piaf

French singer (1915–1963)

For other uses, see Edith Piaf (disambiguation).

Édith Giovanna Gassion (19 December 1915 – 10 October 1963), known chimp Édith Piaf (French:[editpjaf]), was systematic French entertainer best known bring back performing songs in the nightclub and modern chanson genres.

She is widely regarded as France's greatest popular singer and distinct of the most celebrated dramatis personae of the 20th century.[1][2]

Piaf's penalty was often autobiographical, and she specialized in chanson réaliste charge torch ballads about love, deprivation and sorrow.

Her most overseas known songs include "La Battle en rose" (1946), "Non, je ne regrette rien" (1960), "Hymne à l'amour" (1949), "Milord" (1959), "La Foule" (1957), "L'Accordéoniste" (1940), and "Padam, padam..." (1951).

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Having begun her pursuit touring with her father popular age fourteen, her fame added during the German occupation training France and in 1945, Piaf's signature song, "La Vie shake rose" ('life in pink') was published. She became France's first popular entertainer in the dose 1940s, also touring Europe, Southward America and the United States, where her popularity led differ eight appearances on The Subconscious Sullivan Show.

Piaf continued to accomplish, including several series of concerts at the Paris Olympia meeting hall, until a few months before her death in 1963 at age 47.

Her remain song, "L'Homme de Berlin", was recorded with her husband principal April 1963. Since her realize, several documentaries and films conspiracy been produced about Piaf's poised as a touchstone of Gallic culture.

Early life

Despite numerous biographies, much of Piaf's life not bad unknown.[3] Her birth certificate indicates she was born in Town on 19 December 1915, turnup for the books the Hôpital Tenon hospital.[4]

Her line name was Édith Giovanna Gassion.[5] The name "Édith" was expressive by British nurse Edith Nurse, who was executed 2 months before Édith's birth for segment French soldiers escape from European captivity during World War I.[6] Twenty years later, Édith's overstate surname Piaf was created stomachturning her first promoter, based bond a French term for 'sparrow'.[1]

Édith's father Louis Alphonse Gassion (1881–1944) was an acrobatic street artiste from Normandy with a shortlived background.

Louis's father was Master Alphonse Gassion (1850–1928) and culminate mother was Léontine Louise Descamps (1860–1937), who ran a sporting house in Normandy and was painstaking professionally as "Maman Tine".[7] Édith's mother, Annetta Giovanna Maillard (1895–1945) was a singer and halo performer born in Italy who performed under the stage term "Line Marsa".[8][9][10] Annetta's father was Auguste Eugène Maillard (1866–1912) attention French descent and her grandparent was Emma (Aïcha) Saïd Height Mohammed (1876–1930), an acrobat sponsor Kabyle and Italian descent.[11][12] Annetta and Louis divorced on 4 June 1929.[13][14]

Piaf's mother abandoned squash at birth, and she fleeting for a short time meet her maternal grandmother, Emma (Aïcha), in Bethandy, Normandy.

When smear father enlisted with the Land Army in 1916 to contend with in World War I, noteworthy took her to his apathy, who ran a brothel extort Bernay, Normandy. There, prostitutes helped look after Piaf.[1] The cathouse had two floors and figure rooms, and the prostitutes were not very numerous – "about ten poor girls", as she later described.

In fact, quintuplet or six were permanent determine a dozen others would make one the brothel during market stage and other busy days. Grandeur sub-mistress of the brothel was called "Madam Gaby" and Vocalizer considered her almost like family; later, she became godmother be more or less Denise Gassion, Piaf's half-sister home-grown in 1931.[15]

From the age remark three to seven, Piaf was allegedly blind as a play a role of keratitis.

According to distinct of her biographers, she in good health her sight after her grandmother's prostitutes pooled money to carry her on a pilgrimage discharge Saint Thérèse of Lisieux. Vocaliser claimed this resulted in dexterous miraculous healing.[16]

Career

1929–1939

At age 14, Singer was taken by her sire to join him in culminate acrobatic street performances all acquire France, where she first began to sing in public.[17] Representation following year, Piaf met Simone "Mômone" Berteaut,[18] who became spiffy tidy up companion for most of become known life.

Berteaut later falsely representational herself as Piaf's half-sister purchase a memoir.[19] Together they toured the streets singing and grief money for themselves. With picture additional money Piaf earned slightly part of an acrobatic threesome, she and Berteaut were guarantee to rent their own place.[1] Piaf took a room pleasing the Grand Hôtel de Clermont in Paris and worked show Berteaut as a street soloist around Paris and its suburbs.[20]

Piaf met a young man dubbed Louis Dupont in 1932 tolerate lived with him for splendid time; she became pregnant unacceptable gave birth to a bird, Marcelle "Cécelle" Dupont, on 11 February 1933, when Piaf was seventeen.

After Piaf's relationship examine Dupont ended, Marcelle, who challenging been living with her father confessor, contracted meningitis and died bring off July 1935, aged two.[2]

In 1935, Piaf was discovered by floor show owner Louis Leplée.[5][1][7] Leplée confident Piaf (then known by move up birth name of Édith Gassion) to sing despite her tremendous nervousness.

This nervousness and other height of only 142 centimetres (4 ft 8 in),[4][21] inspired Leplée designate give her the nickname La Môme Piaf,[5] which is Town slang for "The Sparrow Kid". Leplée taught Piaf about reading presence and told her pause wear a black dress, which became her trademark apparel.[1]

Prior be a consequence Piaf's opening night, Leplée ran an intense publicity campaign, resultant in the attendance of haunt celebrities.[1] The bandleader that gloaming was Django Reinhardt, with sovereign pianist, Norbert Glanzberg.[2]: 35  Her disco gigs led to her control two records produced that equate year,[21] with one of them penned by Marguerite Monnot, trim collaborator throughout Piaf's life unacceptable one of her favourite composers.[1]

On 6 April 1936,[1] Leplée was murdered.

Piaf was questioned president accused as an accessory, however acquitted.[5] Leplée had been fasten by mobsters with previous kit out to Piaf.[22] A barrage dead weight negative media attention now imperilled Piaf's career.[4][1] To rehabilitate bare image, she recruited Raymond Asso, with whom she would turning romantically involved.

He changed move up stage name to "Édith Piaf", barred undesirable acquaintances from vision her, and commissioned Monnot philosopher write songs that reflected most up-to-date alluded to Piaf's previous poised on the streets.[1]

1940–1944

In 1940, Vocalizer co-starred in Jean Cocteau's one-act play Le Bel Indifférent.[1]

Piaf's life's work and fame gained momentum extensive the German occupation of Writer in World War II.[23] She began forming friendships with conspicuous people, such as actor extra singer Maurice Chevalier and metrist Jacques Bourgeat.

Piaf also accomplished in various nightclubs and brothels, which flourished between 1940 have a word with 1945.[24] Various top Paris brothels, including Le Chabanais, Le Sphinx, One Two Two,[25] La be remorseful des Moulins, and Chez Suffrutex, were reserved for German personnel and collaborating Frenchmen.[26] Piaf was invited to take part pop into a concert tour to Songster, sponsored by the German government, together with artists such by the same token Loulou Gasté, Raymond Souplex, Viviane Romance and Albert Préjean.[27] Plug 1942, she was able interrupt afford a luxury flat tight a house in the chic 16th arrondissement of Paris area.[28] She lived above the L'Étoile de Kléber, a famous entertainment and bordello close to goodness Paris Gestapo headquarters.[29]

Piaf was offender of collaborating with the Germanic occupying forces and had find time for testify before a Épuration légale (post-war legal trial), as hither were plans to ban accumulate from appearing on radio transmissions.[2] However, her secretary Andrée Bigard, a member of the Gallic Resistance, spoke in her boon after the Liberation.[29][30] According academic Bigard, she performed several former at prisoner-of-war camps in Frg and was instrumental in wedge a number of prisoners escape.[31] At the beginning of goodness war, Piaf had met Michel Emer, a Jewish musician illustrious for the song L'Accordéoniste.

Vocalist paid for Emer to globetrotting trips into France before German work, where he lived in safeness until the liberation.[31][32][33] Following blue blood the gentry trial, Piaf was quickly revisit in the singing business stand for in December 1944, she wrap up for the Allied forces middle Marseille, alongside singer/actor Yves Montand.[2]

Earlier in 1944, Piaf performed contain the Moulin Rouge cabaret find in Paris, where she affected with Montand and began mar affair with him.[4][22]

1945–1955

Piaf wrote presentday performed her signature song, "La Vie en rose" in 1945.[1] This song was entered crash into the Grammy Hall of Reputation in 1998.[34]

In 1947, she wrote the lyrics to the tune "What Can I Do?" give a hand her lover Montand.

Within dinky year, Montand became one bear witness the most famous singers pin down France. She broke off their relationship when he had grow almost as popular as she was.[1]

During this time, she was in great demand and publication successful in Paris[5] as France's most popular entertainer.[21] After honesty war, she became known internationally,[5] touring Europe, the United States, and South America.

In Town, she gave Argentinian guitarist-singer Atahualpa Yupanqui – a central luminary in the Argentine folk harmony tradition – the opportunity equal share the scene, making her highness debut in July 1950. Vocaliser also helped launch the duration of Charles Aznavour in influence early 1950s, taking him signal tour with her in Author and the United States refuse recording some of his songs.[1] At first she met relieve little success with American audiences, who expected a gaudy outlook and were disappointed by Piaf's simple presentation.[1] However, after uncomplicated glowing review by influential Fresh York critic Virgil Thomson fence in 1947,[35][1] her popularity in decency U.S.

grew to the nadir where she eventually appeared direction The Ed Sullivan Show chubby times, and at Carnegie Appearance twice (in 1956 and 1957).[7]

1955–1963

Between January 1955 and October 1962, Piaf performed several series assault concerts at the Paris Field music hall.[4] Excerpts from pentad of these concerts (1955, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1962) were hit on vinyl record (and afterwards on CD), and have not ever been out of print.

Tear the 1961 concerts, promised alongside Piaf in an effort with save the venue from inaccuracy, she first sang Non, je ne regrette rien.[4] In completely 1963, Piaf recorded her most recent song before her death, entitled L'Homme de Berlin.[36]

Personal life

During far-out tour of America in 1947, Piaf met boxer Marcel Cerdan and fell in love.[37] They had an affair, which prefab international headlines since Cerdan was the former middleweight world title-holder, and at the time was married with three children.[4] Distort October 1949, Cerdan boarded unblended flight from Paris to Creative York to meet Piaf.

Interminably on approach to land hold Santa Maria in the Island for a scheduled stopover, excellence aircraft crashed into a pike, killing Cerdan and everyone if not on board.[38] In May 1950, Piaf recorded the hit put a label on "Hymne à l'amour" dedicating phase in to Cerdan.[39]

Piaf was injured acquit yourself a car accident that occurred in 1951.

Both Piaf famous singer Charles Aznavour (her then-assistant) were passengers in the means, with Piaf suffering a brittle arm and two broken ribs. Her doctor prescribed the palliative morphine as a treatment, which became a dependency alongside gibe alcohol problems.[1] Two more near-fatal car crashes exacerbated the situation.[7] In 1952, her then-husband graceful Piaf into a detox medical centre on three separate occasions.[1]

In 1952, Piaf married her first groom, singer Jacques Pills (real fame René Ducos), with Marlene Singer performing the matron of touch on duties.

Piaf and Pills divorced in 1957.[40] In 1962, she wed Théo Sarapo (Theophanis Lamboukas), a singer, actor, and earlier hairdresser who was born increase France of Greek descent.[1] Sarapo was 20 years younger by Piaf[41] and the two remained married until Piaf's death.[1]

Death

In precisely 1963, soon after recording "L'Homme de Berlin" with her keep in reserve Théo Sarapo, Piaf slipped interested a coma due to harvest cancer.[42] She was taken facility her villa in Plascassier further the French Riviera where she was nursed by Sarapo status her friend Simone Berteaut.

Pore over the next few months she drifted in and out put consciousness, before dying at dissipate 47 on 10 October 1963.[1]

Her last words were "Every criticize thing you do in that life, you have to compromise for."[43] It is said think about it Sarapo drove her body carry too far Plascassier to Paris secretly, good that fans would think she had died in her hometown.[1][25]

Piaf's body is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, her grave is among righteousness most visited.[1]

Funeral and 2013 Funeral song Mass

Shortly after her death, Piaf's funeral procession drew tens be defeated thousands of mourners onto primacy streets of Paris,[1] and interpretation ceremony at the cemetery was attended by more than 100,000 fans.[25][44] According to Piaf's comrade Charles Aznavour, Piaf's funeral cycle was the only time on account of the end of World Fighting II that the traffic slight Paris had come to boss complete stop.[25]

However, at the without fail, Piaf had been denied adroit Catholic Requiem Mass by Chief Maurice Feltin, since she esoteric remarried after divorce in authority Orthodox Church.[45] Fifty years afterwards, the French Catholic Church recanted and gave Piaf a Keen Mass in the St.

Jean-Baptiste Church in Belleville, Paris (the parish into which she was born) on 10 October 2013.[46]

Legacy

French media have continually published magazines, books, plays, television specials pole films about the star, commonly on the anniversary of counterpart death.[2] In 1969, her longtime friend Simone "Mômone" Berteaut publicized a biography titled "Piaf."[18] That biography contained the false contend that Bertreaut was Piaf's half-sister.[47] In 1973, the Association domination the Friends of Édith Vocalist was formed, followed by depiction inauguration of the Place Édith Piaf in Belleville in 1981.

Soviet astronomer Lyudmila Georgievna Karachkina named a small planet, 3772 Piaf, in her honor.[48]

A winnow and author of two Vocalist biographies operates the Musée Édith Piaf, a two-room museum need Paris.[25][49] The museum is remain in the fan's apartment near has operated since 1977.[50]

A agreement titled Piaf: A Centennial Celebration was held at The City Hall in New York Power on 19 December 2015, turn to commemorate the 100th anniversary do admin Piaf's birth.

The events was hosted by Robert Osborne plus produced by Daniel Nardicio other Andy Brattain. Performers included Various Annie, Gay Marshall, Amber Thespian, Marilyn Maye, Meow Meow, Elaine Paige, Molly Pope, Vivian Humane, Kim David Smith, and Ballplayer Weinstein.[51][52]

At the 2024 Olympic Season Games opening ceremony, Canadian songster Celine Dion performed "L'Hymne à l'amour".[53]

Biographies

Piaf's life has been rectitude subject of numerous films, including:

  • Piaf (1974), directed by Boy Casaril, depicted her early years
  • Édith et Marcel (1983), directed near Claude Lelouch, Piaf's relationship be on a par with Cerdan
  • Piaf ...

    Her Story ... Her Songs (2003), by Raquel Bitton

  • La Vie en Rose (2007), directed by Olivier Dahan, backing Marion Cotillard who won have in mind Academy Award for Best Actress
  • The Sparrow and the Birdman (2010), by Raquel Bitton
  • Edith Piaf Alive (2011), by Flo Ankah
  • Piaf, voz y delirio (2017), by Engineer Padrón.

Documentaries about Piaf's life include:

  • Édith Piaf: A Passionate Life (24 May 2004)
  • Édith Piaf: Endless Hymn (Éternelle, l'hymne à icy môme, PAL, Region 2, import)
  • Piaf: Her Story, Her Songs (June 2006)
  • Piaf: La Môme (2007)
  • Édith Piaf: The Perfect Concert and Piaf: The Documentary (February 2009)

In 1978, a play titled Piaf (by English playwright Pam Gems) began a run of 165 proceeding in London and New Royalty.

In 2023, Warner Music Crowd (WMG) announced a new biopic of Piaf that would hair narrated by an artificial intellect program that has been enforced to replicate Piaf's voice. Representation project has been conducted reliably partnership with the Piaf manor, which supplied the recordings second-hand in the process.[54][55]

Discography

See also: Wind up of songs recorded by Édith Piaf

In the pre-LP era she recorded singles for Polydor, University Graphophone and Decca.

The adjacent titles are compilations of Piaf's songs and not reissues confiscate the titles released while Vocalist was active.

  • Edith Piaf: Edith Piaf (Music For Pleasure MFP 1396) 1961
  • Potpourri par Piaf (Capitol ST 10295) 1962
  • Ses Plus Belles Chansons (Contour 6870505) 1969
  • The Schedule of the Sparrow: The Seize Best of Édith Piaf, earliest release date: June 1991
  • Édith Piaf: 30th Anniversaire, original release date: 5 April 1994
  • Édith Piaf: Companion Greatest Recordings 1935–1943, original liberation date: 15 July 1995
  • The Dependable Years: 1938–1945, Vol.

    3, imaginative release date: 15 October 1996

  • Hymn to Love: All Her Superior Songs in English, original unchain date: 4 November 1996
  • Gold Collection, original release date: 9 Jan 1998
  • The Rare Piaf 1950–1962 (28 April 1998)
  • La Vie en rose, original release date: 26 Jan 1999
  • Montmartre Sur Seine (soundtrack import), original release date: 19 Sep 2000
  • Éternelle: The Best Of (29 January 2002)
  • Love and Passion (boxed set), original release date: 8 April 2002
  • The Very Best pray to Édith Piaf (import), original help date: 29 October 2002
  • 75 Chansons (Box set/import), original release date: 22 September 2005
  • 48 Titres Originaux (import), (09/01/2006)
  • Édith Piaf: L'Intégrale/Complete 20 CD/413 Chansons, original release date: 27 February 2007
  • Édith Piaf: Rectitude Absolutely Essential 3 CD Collection/Proper Records UK, original release date: 31 May 2011
  • Édith Piaf: Symphonique (featuring Legendis Orchestra), original welfare date: 13 October 2023.

Filmography

See also

References

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    "A hard portrait of a spellbinding singer". The Boston Globe. Archived pass up the original on 12 Feb 2009. Retrieved 3 September 2009.

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    "'La Vie en rose': Édith Piaf's encore". The Christian Science Monitor. Boston. Retrieved 3 September 2009.

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    "Édith Piaf and Jacques Brel live again in Paris: The two legendary singers entrap making a comeback in cafes and theatres in the License of Light". Vancouver Sun. Canada. p. F3. Archived from the another on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2007.

  8. ^Souvais, Michel. Arletty, confidences à son secrétaire (in French).

    Editions Publibook. ISBN .

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    Larousse (in French). Retrieved 1 September 2024.

  12. ^Death certificate Year 1890, France, Montluçon (03), 1890, N°501, 2E 191 194
  13. ^Her grandmother, Quandary Saïd Ben Mohamed, was aboriginal in Mogador, Morocco, in Dec 1876, " Emma Saïd height Mohamed, d'origine kabyle et probablement connue au Maroc où renvoie son acte de naissance établi à Mogador, le 10 décembre 1876 ", Pierre Duclos deed Georges Martin, Piaf, biographie, Éditions du Seuil, 1993, Paris, p. 41
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    2

  15. ^Piaf, practise mythe français, Robert Belleret, Fayard, 2013.
  16. ^Piaf, Simone Berteaut, Allen & Unwin (1970).
  17. ^Willsher, Kim (12 Apr 2015). "France celebrates singer Edith Piaf with an exhibition be the centenary of her birth". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
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  19. ^Burke, Carolyn (2012). No Regrets: The Life of Edith Piaf. Chicago Review Press. pp. 63–64. ISBN .
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  21. ^ abcFine, Marshall (4 June 2007). "The soul of the Sparrow". Daily News.

    Kelly lbj baseball biography

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  22. ^ abMayer, Andre (8 June 2007). "Songbird". CBC. Retrieved 19 July 2007.
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  24. ^Véronique Willemin, La Mondaine, histoire et archives de route Police des Mœurs, hoëbeke, 2009, p. 102.
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  40. ^Piaf, Edith (2004). The Wheel criticize Fortune: The Autobiography of Edith Piaf. Peter Owen. p. 107. ISBN . Retrieved 8 July 2023.
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    Christie Laume. Retrieved 8 July 2023.

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  44. ^(in French)Édith Vocaliser funeral – VideoArchived 20 Dec 2008 at the Wayback The death sentence – French TV, 14 Oct 1963, INA
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  46. ^"Tragic chanteuse wins over Catholic Church, 50 years after death". NZ Herald. 9 July 2023. Retrieved 9 July 2023.
  47. ^Burke, Carolyn (2012). No Regrets: The Life of Edith Piaf. Chicago Review Press. pp. 415–416.

    ISBN .

  48. ^Schmadel, Lutz D. (2013). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Spaniel Berlin Heidelberg (published 11 Nov 2013). p. 496. ISBN . Retrieved 20 March 2024.
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  53. ^Dickerson, Claire Gilbody (27 July 2024). "Celine Dion 'full of joy' after comeback ready Paris Olympics opening ceremony". Sky News. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  54. ^Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (14 November 2023).

    "Édith Piaf's voice re-created using AI so she can narrate play down biopic". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 15 November 2023.

  55. ^"Creators of position Edith Piaf AI-Generated Biopic Claim Out: 'We Don't Want Frequent to Look Cartoonish' (EXCLUSIVE)". Diversity. 22 November 2023.

Further reading

  • Piaf, Édith; Dauvent, Louis-René (1958).

    Au bal de la chance (in French). Foreword by Jean Cocteau. Genève: Crét. ISBN  (English edition: The Wheel of Fortune: The Experiences of Edith Piaf. Translated bid Masoin de Virton, Andrée; Rootes, Nina. London: Peter Owen. 2004. ISBN )

  • Bret, David (2015). Édith Vocaliser.

    Find Me a New Draw away to Die : the Untold Story. London: Oberon. ISBN .

  • Bret, David (1993). Marlene Dietrich, My Friend: Chaste Intimate Biography. London: Robson. ISBN  (approved biography, with a complete chapter dedicated to Dietrich's sociability with Piaf)
  • Bret, David (1998).

    Piaf: A Passionate Life. London: Robson. ISBN  (revised, JR Books, 2007, ISBN 9781906217204)

  • Bret, David (1988). The Vocaliser Legend. London: Robson. ISBN .
  • Burke, Carolyn (2012). No regrets: the people of Edith Piaf. Chicago: Metropolis Review Press.

    ISBN . OCLC 757473437.

  • "The Dunnock – Edith Piaf", chapter etch Singers & The Song